Dealing with stressors might necessitate the use of their available time, displacing opportunities for more enjoyable shared activities, and consequently reducing the quality of their time together. Data from the American Time Use Survey, encompassing 14,788 respondents, formed the basis for this study's exploration of the link between household income and the quantity and quality of time spent together by married couples. In keeping with the predictions, couples with lower incomes engaged in less solitary time together, but this was affected by whether the day was a weekday or a weekend and the presence of children. Lower-income spouses reported higher stress levels during spousal interactions than higher-income counterparts, and this correlation was impacted by the total hours worked by the couple. Study results support the theoretical framework, highlighting that the quantity and quality of time may be instrumental in explaining the distinctions in relationship results for low-income and high-income couples. This PsycINFO database record, issued by the APA in 2023, is protected by copyright and all rights.
A number of theoretical perspectives posit that intimate partner violence (IPV) is not a singular, consistent issue, but is instead characterized by several unique subtypes. Johnson (1995)'s typology categorized perpetrators' violence, distinguishing between those motivated by control and those by emotional dysregulation, differing from Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart's (1994) typology, which categorized perpetrators based on violence severity, their targeting of intimate partners, and their psychopathological profiles. Personality profiles, severity levels, and varied violent actions are factors used to establish alternative classifications of violence. Using exploratory clustering and classification techniques, we conducted a systematic review of studies investigating these hypothesized IPV typologies, aimed at identifying underlying group structures. Databases like PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, and Social Sciences Full Text (H were utilized by us. Information from Social Work Abstracts, interwoven with Wilson's research, formed a strong basis for the study. A comprehensive analysis uncovered 80 studies examining IPV typologies empirically. After scrutinizing the 34 studies that met our predetermined inclusion criteria, we observed the following: (a) three was the most frequently identified type, though substantial divergence was found amongst the studies; and (b) the Holtzworth-Munroe and Johnson models received mixed support, thereby questioning the validity of current typologies and the certainty with which researchers and practitioners characterize them. Subsequently, we advise against a strictly categorical approach to IPV with a great degree of care.
A shared experience within families of children with cancer is the presence of elevated psychopathology in both children and caregivers, with a specific subgroup exhibiting clinically significant symptoms. Caregiver resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and observed emotion regulation (ER) are explored in this study to determine their potential protective effect on caregiver and child psychopathology during the first year of pediatric cancer treatment. Researchers collected data from 159 primary caregivers of children (mean age 5.6 years, 48% male, 52% female) recently diagnosed with cancer, through the completion of 12 monthly questionnaires. Interviews with primary caregivers, conducted at month three, delved into their emotional landscapes, coupled with the measurement of their resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia. The data underwent analysis via multilevel models. Observed ER one year post-diagnosis was associated with a lower incidence of caregiver anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), while no such relationship was noted with children's symptoms. There was a substantial positive relationship between baseline resting RSA and the presence of child depression/anxiety, and later child PTSS measured at Month 12. The study's results point to the potential benefits of interventions to help caregivers navigate the negative emotions that arise at the start of cancer treatment. Caregivers with greater physiological composure may also be more attuned to the negative emotional cues of their children. Our data strongly advocate for a multi-method approach to understanding the complex relationship between ER and how it impacts performance. The American Psychological Association holds the copyright to the PsycINFO Database Record of 2023, with all rights reserved.
Prejudice reduction is achieved reliably through interactions between different groups. Even so, the practical benefits of this method have been questioned due to its reduced impact, and potential ineffectiveness, under specific situations. Efforts at contact might fail when encountering threats, notably for those groups with a historical advantage, and the detrimental impact of discrimination which disproportionately affects those with historical disadvantages. The study examined how perceived intergroup threat and perceived discrimination might modify the relationship between contact and prejudice. Thirty-four correlational studies, involving 63,945 participants from 67 subsamples in 19 nations, yielded two meta-analyses indicating an association between contact and decreased prejudice, alongside a rise in out-group positivity. This correlation held true across both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and among individuals from both advantaged and disadvantaged groups, within both WEIRD and non-WEIRD societies. Both perceived threat and perceived discrimination influenced the relationship between contact and attitude, but in a way that was unforeseen. Without a doubt, contact held at least the same strong positive effects for individuals with high ratings (r = .19). A correlation of .18 (r) was found among individuals, indicating a weak association. In the face of a perceived threat, action is required. Similarly, contact's impact was equally forceful among those high scorers (r = .23). Among the participants exhibiting a correlation as low as .20, . Subjectively identified discrimination presents numerous challenges. We conclude that contact effectively nurtures tolerant societies, as its efficacy extends even to subpopulations where the realization of this goal might prove most complex. All rights to this PsycINFO database record from 2023 are solely reserved by the American Psychological Association.
The legacy of Ferdinand Taylor Jones (1932-2022) is celebrated. Jones's clinical psychology career was distinguished by his tireless work in advancing social justice, multicultural awareness, and effective college mental health programs. The School of Medicine at Brown University acknowledged his contributions by naming him emeritus professor of psychology and emeritus lecturer. Jones, the pioneering director, spearheaded Brown's Department of Psychological Services, established in 1980. Within the Warren Alpert School of Medicine, he initiated and led seminars on minority issues, specifically for psychology interns and postdoctoral fellows, as well as leading support groups for medical students. All rights to the PsycInfo Database Record, 2023, are reserved by the American Psychological Association.
The state of youth mental health is dire, with escalating rates of youth psychopathology continuing to climb. NS 105 Globally increasing youth mental health challenges, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic's repercussions, have further entrenched mental health inequities that disproportionately affect youth from disadvantaged backgrounds, such as ethnic/racial minorities, those with low socioeconomic status, rural communities, and gender and sexual minorities. Medicaid expansion The influence, proximity, and responsibility parents hold in providing the resources essential for children's mental health are vital components of their roles in their children's lives. Despite the need, disadvantaged families face persistent obstacles hindering their access to mental health services, with few readily available resources specifically tailored to parents in these circumstances. Accordingly, parents within disadvantaged families seldom participate in formal psychological training, commonly missing the crucial abilities to properly intervene when their children face mental health problems. By providing vital mental health resources to their parents, DMHIs, or digital mental health interventions, (digitally translated psychosocial support) offer a promising method of reducing mental health disparities among disadvantaged youth, overcoming many traditional obstacles to care. However, the true extent of technology's promise has yet to be seen, as there are few, if any, evidence-based and culturally sensitive DMHIs existing for disadvantaged families. Biomass estimation The field prioritizes ensuring health equity by providing the essential mental health resources to disadvantaged families. To this end, the current article urges the field to utilize technological advancements to empower parents from marginalized families to become active mental health advocates for their children. The rights to this PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2023 APA are reserved. The entry's details regarding the source and content are included.
Observable experiences are pondered by humans in ways that are non-obvious, from scientific explanations (genes, molecules) to common understandings (germs, soul). What is the source of this ability, and what process underpins its growth and development? In contrast to conventional assumptions, young children frequently demonstrate a capacity to consider hidden, intangible, and abstract entities or those existing outside of immediate perception. My review encompasses examples from three distinct research directions: essentialism, generic language, and object history. These results imply a possible inversion of the conventional developmental trajectory for young humans; moving beyond the apparent can be readily achieved, yet maintaining focus on the immediate environment often presents a considerable obstacle. I probe the repercussions for how children acquire knowledge, the fundamental characteristics of human thought, and how those capacities that allow us to be so intelligent and refined can also be sources of distortion and error.