SWP mitigated the inflammatory response and improved pulmonary function in rats exhibiting COPD, a condition created by LPS exposure and smoking, through mechanisms including gut microbiota manipulation, enhanced SCFA production, and strengthened intestinal barrier integrity.
SWP, acting on the gut microbiota in rats with COPD induced by LPS and smoking, increased SCFA production and strengthened the intestinal barrier, thus improving pulmonary functions and suppressing the inflammatory response.
Within traditional Taiwanese postpartum practices, 'lochia discharge' is a colloquial term used to signify the process of uterine involution post-partum. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies in Taiwan are often consulted by postpartum women seeking diverse TCM formulas to aid in the process of lochia discharge.
This ethnopharmaceutical study involved field-based investigations to comprehensively explore the herbal composition of traditional Chinese medicine formulations for lochia discharge, dispensed by TCM pharmacies in Taiwan, with a focus on their pharmaceutical relevance.
Using stratified sampling techniques, we obtained 98 postpartum lochia discharge formulations from Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacies, which comprised a total of 60 medicinal substances.
Within the context of Taiwanese lochia discharge formulations' medicinal ingredients, Fabaceae and Lauraceae plant families were the most frequently encountered. Following the TCM framework of natural properties and flavors, the majority of remedies exhibited a warm nature and a sweet taste, chiefly focusing on the traditional roles of qi enhancement and blood revitalization. By applying correlation and network analysis techniques to lochia discharge formulations, 11 essential herbs were identified and categorized by frequency of use. These are: Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum striatum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale, Prunus persica, Eucommia ulmoides, Leonurus japonicus, Lycium chinense, Hedysarum polybotrys, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora. These 11 herbs yielded 136 drug combinations within the 98 formulations, with each combination containing a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 7 herbs. medicinal plant Central to the network's structure were A. sinensis and L. striatum, which were present in 928% of the analyzed formulations.
In our assessment, this is the first study comprehensively evaluating lochia discharge formulations used in Taiwan. This study's outcomes offer a substantial foundation for future investigations into the clinical efficacy of Taiwanese lochia discharge formulations and the pharmacological mechanisms of their herbal ingredients.
As far as we are aware, this study presents the first systematic review of lochia discharge formulations in Taiwan. Future research on the clinical efficacy of Taiwanese lochia discharge formulations, along with the pharmacological mechanisms of their herbal constituents, will find valuable groundwork in the results of this study.
C., an abbreviation for the plant species Chamaecyparis obtusa. The obtusa cypress species, a plant well-adapted to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, has held a place in traditional East Asian medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. Reported anti-cancer effects of *C. obtusa* stem from the presence of phytoncides, flavonoids, and terpenes, substances shown to prevent the spread of different cancers. section Infectoriae Despite this, the specific processes through which C. obtusa extract exerts its anti-cancer properties are not fully understood.
To understand the anti-cancer effects of *C. obtusa* leaf extracts and reveal the mechanism of action, which could contribute to potential applications in cancer therapy or prophylaxis, was our focus.
The cytotoxicity of *C. obtusa* leaf extracts was validated by an MTT assay. Immunoblotting was employed to determine changes in intracellular protein levels, while quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) measured mRNA levels. Breast cancer cell metastasis was evaluated using both wound healing and transwell migration assays. Using IncuCyte Annexin V Red staining, the extract's induction of apoptosis was observed. The extract was given orally following the creation of a syngeneic breast cancer mouse model by injecting 4T1-Luc mouse breast cancer cells into the fat pad of female BALB/c mice. The use of bioluminescence enabled the evaluation of primary tumor growth and metastatic spread following intraperitoneal luciferin injection.
Boiling water, 70% ethanol, and 99% ethanol were used to extract leaf components from C. obtusa. Of the extracts examined, the 99% EtOH extract of *C. obtusa* leaf (CO99EL) most potently suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (pY-STAT3) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, specifically at 25 and 50g/mL concentrations. CO99EL's influence was observed in the significant suppression of endogenous pY-STAT3 levels and IL-6-stimulated STAT3 activation in diverse cancer cell types, including breast cancer cells. By decreasing the expression of N-cadherin, fibronectin, TWIST, MMP2, and MMP9, CO99EL mitigated the metastatic capacity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The induction of apoptotic cell death by CO99EL involved a rise in cleaved caspase-3, coupled with a decrease in the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Within in vivo syngeneic breast cancer mouse models, 100mg/kg of CO99EL's administration exhibited tumor growth suppression and induced apoptosis of the cancerous cells. Additionally, CO99EL significantly reduced the occurrence of lung metastasis in primary breast cancer.
Our research suggests that 100mg/kg of CO99EL has potent anti-tumor activity against breast cancer, implying its potential for breast cancer treatment and prevention strategies.
Experimental data from our study demonstrated a significant anti-tumor effect of 100 mg/kg CO99EL on breast cancer, hence hinting at potential applications for treating and preventing this disease.
A key aspect of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression is the fundamental change of fibrosis, which occurs within impaired renal function. Kimura & Migo's Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a key active compound found within the plant, has been observed to effectively decrease blood glucose and suppress inflammation. The anti-fibrosis effect of DOP in DKD management is still subject to considerable debate.
To investigate the therapeutic potential of DOP for attenuating renal fibrosis, specifically in diabetic kidney disease cases.
We used db/db mice as a model for DKD, and DOP was orally administered. MiRNA-34a-5p, SIRT1, and fibrotic molecules (TGF-, CTGF, and a-SMA) were found to be expressed in renal tissue specimens. HK-2 cells, cultured in media containing either 55mM (high glucose) glucose or 25mM (low glucose) glucose, were then treated with DOP at concentrations ranging from 100g/ml to 400g/ml. The aforementioned indicators' in vitro changes were noted.
MiRNA-34a-5p's presence was predominantly found in the nucleus, with its expression significantly elevated in the DKD mouse model. The effect of miRNA-34a-5p on SIRT1, either by inhibiting or stimulating its action, contributes to the development of renal fibrosis. By potentially decreasing the activity of the miRNA-34a-5p/SIRT1 signaling pathway, DOP could aid in reducing renal fibrosis. Subsequently, the results achieved by DOP in treating DKD are remarkable, thanks to its hypoglycemic activity and the positive impact it has on weight management.
DOP's protective action in halting or decelerating the progression of fibrosis may yield a novel therapeutic approach for DKD.
DOP's ability to slow or stop fibrosis progression in DKD may represent a novel clinical treatment approach.
The pairing of Alisma and Atractylodes (AA), a classic traditional Chinese herbal decoction, could potentially offer defense against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Yet, the precise method by which this occurs has not been identified. BODIPY 493/503 The pharmacology of Chinese herbal decoctions, surprisingly, relies on the essential role of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs).
The current study sought to determine if the neuroprotective benefit of AA relies on the efficient delivery of miRNAs via exosomes in the brain.
Bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCAL) was used to generate transient global cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (GCI/R) in C57BL/6 mice, with the application of AA being an optional component of the treatment regimen. Neurological deficits were quantified using both the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the Morris water maze (MWM). To ascertain the expression level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the cerebral cortex, a Western blot (WB) analysis was employed. Western blot (WB) analysis of phospho-Nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-B), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) expression, coupled with immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), provided a quantitative evaluation of the inflammatory state. The protein expression of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-5, and CD31 was examined through immunohistochemical staining to ascertain the integrity and permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain interstitial exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and subsequently identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blot (WB), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The identification of exosome origins was established by quantifying specific messenger RNA molecules present in exosomes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Microarray screening revealed differentially expressed miRNAs within exosomes, a result subsequently verified using RT-qPCR. bEnd.3 cells were exposed to exosomes that were previously labeled with fluorescent dye PKH26. The supernatant was collected for measurement of IL-1/TNF- expression, using ELISA. Total RNA was then extracted for analysis of miR-200a-3p/141-3p expression via RT-qPCR. The concentration of miR-200a-3p/141-3p in bEnd.3 cells exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) was determined.